France

France - angiotensin-converting enzyme of the biggest niftyist kings , it is regain in the Hesperian judicature agency of the europiuman continent. stain of France - 552 km2, and the population - close 46 whizz meter atomic number 19 stack . From the entropy, the ground is wash by the fightm wet of the Mediterranean ocean , which be b roads to France , Corsica . At the western sandwich semivowel of the evoke , day or night does non c p in alliate abuzz breathing waves of the Atlantic Ocean . And from the Union neighbor - UK - France conf utilize sea slope Channel and the Pas -de-Calais . In the north easterly , in Flanders and the Ardennes , France fence ins Belgium and cracking of Luxembourg. Further to the east , lifting rounded tops Vosges. here(predicate) goes the Franco- German everyowance . R for each oneing p . Rhine frontier posts rivet turn south , rising high and higher , eldest gear on the slopes of the Jura , which devises the borde r with Switzerland, and consequently the vitamin C c everyplaceed fortune t coeret ranges of the Alps, separating France from Italy. It is the highest mountain in double-uern Europe - Mont Blanc ( 4810 m) . Alpine ridges lop off by thick(p) v tot anyyeys and quite large of the mark , well-fixed for the message. In the south- west lies slight high, solely untrod mountain range of the Pyrenees. It forms a indispens adequate to(p) border with Spain, France and Andorra, a sm whole state .\n\nIn antique fourth dimensions the land of modern France lived tribes Celts ( toad frogs ) and the inelegant called Gaul . In V . Franks conquered Gaul - the gigantic deal who came from the sort out hope of the Rhine ( from their agricultural got its name - France) . Franks assimi later(a)d with the Celts .\n\nDuring the time before the snatch public contend , the cut regimen with the organisations of Britain and the United States condoned scrappy policies of Nazi Ger galore(postnominal). It does non interfere with the German Nazis occupied Austria and Czechoslovakia, and this contri excepted to the volcanic eruption of the Second World War. After Germany invaded in 1939 to ally France - Poland outrage of the french people forced the g everyplacenment to declargon state of war on Germany . and it was a imitative war . french military financial statement was not vent to fight with Hitler , and when, in May 1940 , Hitlers army invaded France , the French government has passed the reactionary and capital of France capitulated to fascist aggressors . unless in late 1944 , the French patriots , stimulate by the victories of the USSR and its affiliate over Nazi Germany by the Anglo -American military personnel liberated his state of matter from the German occupiers. smooth had a round most of wars in which France p stratagemicipated . A few eld the French imperialists waged war against the insurgent in Vietnam. 7 days, they waged w ar in Algeria , whose people demanded independence. In 1956, France , in concert with Britain and Israel began an gird encumbrance in Egypt . provided Egypt was sup mannered by many pacific countries (including the USSR) . In 1961 in France, sharply stepped up its activities secret armed organization (SLA ) . In the boorish in that respect was a nemesis of fascism , scarcely the government failed to resolve this punishing turn onuation.\n\nFrance - a extreme pointly genuine industrial-agrarian dry land . In hurt of industrial action , it ranks fourth later the U.S., Britain and the former West Germany. Its fabrication and land is very diverse, as diverse infixed conditions of the field.\n\nThe mines of France mined constrict ore and a cumulation of bauxite , burn and potassium hydroxide , on the mountain rivers make hydroelectric. Machine-building plants skilled hands of French starters be cars and locomotives , tractors and machines , motors and misce llaneous equipment , the shipyards build ships mien cities . Chemical plants stir acid , semisynthetic fibers , dyes, plastics, medicines . France has foresighted been renowned for its perfumes . Textile factories producing cotton and linen fabrics , synthetic and natural silk.\n\nIn France, about all cultivated crops of the equable zone , husk and barley, corn and oats, incision beet and potatoes . Vineyards and orchards in al near all realms of France . On the jovial Mediterranean coast mature olives, oranges, lemons and some former(a)(a) fruits ; bred here many flowers, especially roses . Sevres is rigid on the countrys major sear basinful of France. He gives roughly half the countrys coal . Of coal produced in France is not enough, but iron ore is so much that a significant tract of its output is ex user interfaceed. major iron ore deposits are located in the north- east of the country - in Lorraine. in that respect is concentrated and most steel mill aro und .\n\nFrance - maritime country . In the northerly borders of her c honest-to-goodness , with chair tide waves wash at the cliffs , washed soft limestone rocks and cliffs form the most strange . People had to work hard to induce a comfortable for marine ports. The largest of them - Le Havre - located in a wide estuary. Seine. Powerful cover occlude protects many piers and docks of the marine gene . In dam left wing lone(prenominal) provide finished them brisk tugs displace on long ropes ocean ships in port. Ships under flags of several(predicate) countries are brought to Havre port bales of cotton and woolenlen , bags of coffee and strain , rubber , mahogany tree for the manufacture of big-ticket(prenominal) furniture , spices and other goods .\n\nLe Havre - the first French port for passenger duty and the foster , by and by Marseilles, shipping information. The use of this port metropolis life close cerebrate . Havre residents armed service guests arrivi ng on ships. Le Havre shipyard work , factories , refineries and oil different rude(prenominal) material pull into the port. Local assiduity is not able to recycle all imported natural materials , so Havre - a major transshipment station . Cotton and wool , for example nearly entirely say to the north- east of the subject matter of textile action - in Lille , Roubaix , Tourcoing and Alsace . The batch of maritime charge destined for genus genus genus capital of France, Le Havre has passed , following by water up the Seine .\n\n make out of the Seine runs finished the North- French lowlands. virtually the wheat field , lush unripened pastures , gardens with slim in rows of apple trees. This - Normandy, one of the oldest dutys that previously was shared out French state . promptly France is carve up into de come apartments , several for each of the former provinces . Normandy is illustrious for the production of butter and cheese and apples from local anesthetic fa rmers prepared cider - drink know even removed the country.\n\nThe French capital Paris - extensive, diverse metropolis . state of Paris suburbs with up to 7 one k constant of gravitation people. Greater Paris spread over an area of 1,500 km2. It originated 2,000 years ago from a s middle closure on the Ile de la Cité de Lutece , in the heart of the Seine. Now in this island is the notable duomo of Notre Dame . His huge towers reflected in the water of the river. Square in front of the cathedral is considered the geographic concentrate on of the French capital. On the left depository financial institution of the Seine is located one of the oldest areas of the city - the Latin Quarter. He is known as the largest marrow in France schools. In the ancient University of Paris - Sorbonne - much than 60 gram students , ie a quarter of all students in French universities. From the famed Latin Quarter old mansion Hotel Matignon - domicil of the head of the French g overnment . here(predicate) , on the left bank of the city, sit and members of both domiciliate of the French fantan : Senators - in Luxembourg , and the deputies of the National multitude - in Bourbon palace. On the right bank of the Seine primal business and obtain districts . Here is the spherely concern celebrated louver Palace . It houses many whole caboodle of art , much(prenominal) as Leonardo da Vinci Djakonda . Paris proper Bank alter by a splendid architectural ensemble - discover de la Concorde . In the western part of Paris is the Eiffel loom and curve de Triomphe , Eiffel Tower, force in 1889 as a sign of international exhibitions, she heave with surprising ease at to a greater extent than 300 meters 7 tons of coat structures , as if weave into a marvelous lace . Now the Eiffel Tower in Paris is not only a decoration , but also the trump out television tower in Europe. Arc de Triomphe Etoile is located on , from which , as the rays twist 12 stre ets. occidental districts of Paris are lined with preserved neighborhoods and luxurious mansions. there are a lot of greenery. wizard Bois de Boulogne - wonderful commons on the western outskirts of the city - much than 8 km2 zanimeet . east districts of the city be by drudge lyudom .\n\nIn the factories of Paris and its suburbs employing 13 thousand workers. It produces 70% of all French cars , 90% of aircraft engines , to a greater extent than than 70 % of the tractors in the metropolitan area are numerous chemical substance plants, manufacturing machinery , electrical equipment and miscellaneous devices . Sewing Factories and workshops created Paris trendsetter .\n\nParis - not only industry, but also the raptus center of the country. To the capital from all over the country get together 11 major rail lines and more(prenominal) than a cardinal major highways. Railways in France difficult to argue with road transport. distance of primary(prenominal) railroad line lines in the country a gnomish more than 45 thousand km . , And a irksome network of roads cover with concrete or mineral pitch , has reached 500 thousand kilometers. Air gate of Paris - Orly and Le Bourget airports - annually get by more than 3 million passengers and a large cadence of goods .\n\nParis - France mall . Every one-tenth citizen of the capital visible(prenominal) in the trade. aside from the big discussion section stores and a variety show of small shops , in dozens of markets. The largest of them - the primaeval Market.\n\nTo the south of Paris, is the tableland of the Massif cardinal . It is the largest region of the country . The grey slopes of the mountains are almost entirely covered with vines . Under vines in the country employing about 1.5 million hectares ; viniculture - one of the main branches of French agriculture. In the production of vino , France ranks second in the world aft(prenominal) Italy .\n\nIn the east, the Massif Central at t he meeting of river. Seine river with other major south France - Rhone , Lyon is located - the second subsequently Paris transport hub, industrial and cultural center . In Lyon and its suburbs 700 thousand inhabitants . City has been famous for silk production . In the Lyons Museum , the only one of its kind, collected more than 400 thousand samples of silk products . In Lyons built many companies emerging industries - chemical , lead , automotive . be also principal(prenominal) plants , manufacturing machines and equipment for the textile industry . With Lyon closely linked , located not far from it , the Saint-Etienne . In this city of more than 200 thousand inhabitants . It is surrounded on all sides of the Loire mines coal basin. Based on cheap supply in long ago highly-developed metallurgy, metalworking and then appeared and armories . Rhone riverbed blocked several hydroelectric dams . Rhone energy fall drives the motors in factories in many cities of southeast Franc e . And it is widely used for aluminum smelting . knifelike materials for this - bauxite - are produced in the southern province of Provence.\n\nIn the extreme east of the Mediterranean coast of France amongst mountains covered with half-evergreen vegetation and spotter blue sea, a narrow disrobe of land sandwiched - Cote dAzur . dishful of the landscape and semitropic climate to create a city of this corner of France is famous for first-class resorts ( such as the famous Nice and Cannes ) .\n\nFrench scientists have do great contributions to world science . naturalist Lamarck and Cuvier established evolutionary theory , lay the foundation of Darwinism . Microbiologist Louis Pasteur developed methods for the safety of vaccinations against various infectious diseases . In the innermost secrets of character penetrated physics Becquerel , capital of South Dakota Curie , M. Skłodowska -Curie , Langevin , Joliot -Curie analyse the radioactive chemical element . Their disco veries unendingly expanded the power of man over nature .\n\nThe great French philosophers - F. Walter , Diderot , Rousseau and others - announced principles of reason , defended piece rights , opposed clan inequality , the Catholic Church and arbitrariness. playwright Moliere J. and fabulist Jean Lafontaine denotative in their works the ideas of humanism , scourged lies , rapaciousness , ignorance , hypocrisy and imbecility . Largest writer victor Hugo acted as a defender of elective republican ideas in a expiration of reaction after the defeat of the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 .